Matter:
Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Crystalline:
Solids with ordered atom-structure and fixed melting point.

Amorphous:
Solids with in ordered atom-structure and without melting point.

Young’s modulus:
Ratio of stress to strain when solids is under tension.

Shear modulus:
Ratio of stress to strain when solids is under shear.

Bulk modulus:
Ratio of stress to strain when solids is under hydraulic pressure.

 Buoyancy:
The force caused by pressure variation with depth to lift immersed objects.

Surface tension:
The force to attract surfaced molecular to make the surface area of fluid as small as possible.

Capillary action:
The phenomena of fluids automatically raising in open-ended tubes.

 Continuity:
The net rate of flow of mass inward across any closed surface is equal to the rate of increase of the mass within the surface.

 Viscosity:
The inter-friction mechanism in fluid to dissipate energy.

Laminar flow:
Every particle passing a particular point moves exactly along the smooth path followed by particles passing that point early.

Turbulent flow:
The irregular flow when the velocity of the flow is high.

This tutorial covers two topics, solids and fluids.  The difference between the ordered atomic structure of crystalline solids, and the random nature of amorphous solids is discussed. Other properties of solids like thermal expansion and various deformations of solids are covered too.  Next the nature of fluids is described through key concepts like Pascal’s, Archimede’s, and Bernoulli’s principle.  Finally, fluid flow is described.  Smooth laminar flow and chaotic turbulent flow are contrasted.  This idea is extended with Bernoulli’s equation which describes the relationship between the pressure, kinetic and potential energy in a system as a constant.

Specific Tutorial Features:
• Example problems with step by step solutions and accompanying diagrams to help illustrate the usage of complex formulas.

Series Features:
• Concept map showing inter-connections of new concepts in this tutorial and those previously introduced.
• Definition slides introduce terms as they are needed.
• Visual representation of concepts
• Animated examples—worked out step by step
• A concise summary is given at the conclusion of the tutorial.

States of matter

Solids and elasticity

          Crystalline and amorphous

Thermal expansion

Deformation of solids

          Young’s modulus
          Shear modulus
          Bulk modulus

Fluids

          Pascal’s principle
          Buoyancy and Archimedes principle
          Surface tension
          Capillary action

Fluids in motion

          Viscosity
          Continuity
          Laminar and turbulent flow
          Bernoulli’s equation