Dimensional Analysis
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Dimensional analysis is used to convert units.
The Principle Behind Dimensional Analysis
The guiding principle of dimensional analysis is that you can multiply anything by “1” without changing the meaning. An equality set into a fraction formation = 1. For example, if x = y, then x/y = 1 and y/x = 1. Therefore, the equalities can be set into fractions and multiplied to convert units.
Another concept necessary to understanding dimensional analysis is that units that are on the top and bottom of an expression cancel out.
Equalities Commonly used in Dimensional Analysis
Several equalities are used often in chemistry.
Equalities commonly used in chemistry |
4.18 J |
1.00 cal |
1 Å |
10‑10 m |
1 cm3 |
1 mL |
1 dm3 |
1 L |
1 in |
2.54 cm |
1 kg |
2.2 lb |
1 atm |
101.3 kPa |
1 atm |
760 mm Hg |
1 mole |
6.02 ´ 1023 pieces |
Metric prefixes are also used to form equalities between different metric units.
Dimensional Analysis
To work dimensional analysis problems:
- Write your known down on the left side
- Write down “=__________ [desired unit]” at the right side
- Identify equalities that will get you from the known information to the desired unit. If there is no equality that involves both the known and unknown, you’ll have to find more than one to more than one step.
- Arrange the equalities into a fractional form so that the known unit will cancel out and the desired unit will be left.
- Multiply across the top of the expression and divide numbers on the bottom.
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| "Title" Tutorial Summary : |
Dimensional analysis is a technique for converting units based upon equalities. The technique is the basis for stoichiometry—a key chemistry calculation—presented later in the series.
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Specific Tutorial Features:
- Problem-solving techniques are used to work out the example problems.
Series Features:
- Concept map showing inter-connections of new concepts in this tutorial and those previously introduced.
- Definition slides introduce terms as they are needed.
- Visual representation of concepts
- Animated examples—worked out step by step
- A concise summary is given at the conclusion of the tutorial.
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| "Title" Topic List: |
- What is dimensional analysis?
- What is the principle behind dimensional analysis?
- What equalities are used commonly in chemistry?
- How is dimensional analysis performed?
- How is dimensional analysis used in chemistry?
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